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外语系英语专业本科毕业论文格式

一、                      毕业论文格式

毕业论文应由1)封面,2)中、外文摘要,3)目录,4)正文,5)注释,6

参考文献,7)致谢等七个部分组成。

1 封面(样本见3):采用学校教务处统一格式,白底黑字,不得擅自改变或重新设计字体样式、大小及颜色等。论文题目用外文填写;除此之外,均用中文填写需要统一填写的有:学院(系):外语系 专业:英语语言文学。以某一外语为第二学位的,在专业名称之后在括弧里注第二学

2 中、外文摘要(样本见3):中、外文摘要各占一页。中文摘300字左右,外文摘250 单词左右,关键词三至五个。摘要应精练、准确地概括全文中心思想;建议采用第三人称的写法(论文作者进行了研本论文分析……The author attempts to study..This thesis has analyzed..等)。中文摘要的提头第一行写上论文中文标题,三号字,宋体,加粗;第二行括号里写上专业名称,英语语言文学专字样,小四号字,楷体;第三行的左侧写上学生姓名,右侧写上指导教师姓名,小四号字,楷体。中文摘要内容使用楷体,小四号字。中文摘要原则上不分段关键几个字加粗,后面接冒号,每个关键词之间由一个分号隔开。外文摘要提头需写的外文大写单词(例如:英文为ABSTRACT,三号字,Times New Roman字体,加粗,后面不加冒号)。外文摘要内容用小四号字(英文使用Times New Roman字体),外文关键词(英文用Key Words,小四号字,加粗)后面接冒号,词数与中文关键词相同,每个关键词之间由一个分号隔开。摘要与关键词之间不空行

3 目录(样本见3):目录与各级标题的字号为:目录(英文为Contents)采用三号字;一级标题(前言及结语,部分或章;英文建议分别使用Introduction, Conclusion, Part,一般不使用Chapter,数字用英文单词表示)小三号;二级标题(节)四号;三级标题(小节)小四。最小一级标题的字级应与正文文字的字级相同。

4 书眉学院本科毕业论用五号字居左排,论文题目用五号字居右排,均采用中文,书眉和正文之间用下划线分隔。

5 正文:小四号字,英文采Times New Roman字体。各部分标题加粗。正文每段开头缩进5 个空格。

6 页码:从正文开始用五号字排在页脚居中。

7 .引文:为统一格式,各专业毕业论文中的文献引文均采用文中注的形式。

8 注释(样本见3,并参考附录1 论文注释(英文为Notes)是对论文中某一单词、词组、引文、或某一说法的补充性说明。

9 参考文献(样本见3,详见附录1):参考文献(英文统一为Bibliography)应包括主要的参考资料来源、书籍、刊物、网址等。通常情况下,参考文献应多于注释所引用的文本。






范文


《喜福会》中的中国文化背景分析


(英语语言文学专业)


学生   陈永     指导教师     任文


《喜福会》是美国当代著名华裔女作家谭恩美的处女作。小说讲述了在中国战乱时移民美国的四位母亲和她们在美国出生的女儿的生活遭遇。小说中的母亲在旧时的中国饱经封建礼教和传统文化的摧残,成了叛逆者逃往美国,希望在大洋彼岸找寻自己的幸福生活。然而,母亲们在美生活的方方面面都离不开深深根于她们脑子里的中国传统文化试图将这一文化强加在她们女儿身上。而在美国长大的女儿们却与这异乡文格格不入,处处背叛她们的母亲。母亲们因此受到深深的伤害。在女儿们长大后,经人生的沧桑才逐渐了解母亲。在中国历史上,儒家思想一直是中国文化的核心。儒家思想重视人与人之间的相互关系和家庭观念,这与崇尚个人主义的西方文化是相冲突的。同时,中国的道教思想对大多数信奉上帝的西方人来说是难以理解的。再者,中国人教育子女的方式、饮食传统和烹饪方法也常常被认为是神秘。故中国文化常常被西方学者看作文化,道家的思想被看作是异教思想。借助于东方主义,谭恩美以其第二代美籍华裔双重文化的身份,在《喜福会》中建构了中国传统文化。小说中,母亲是中国传统文化的代表,而女儿却象征着美国文化。这两种文化的冲突与交融拧成了贯穿整部小说的一条主线,向国外再现了中国文化。本论文试图从传统家庭价值观念、饮食文化、宗教信仰等方面对《喜福会》中的中国文化背景进行较为详细的分析。

关键词:中国文化;儒家思想;饮食文化;宗教信仰






















ABSTRACT


Amy Tan is one of the most important contemporary writers in Chinese American literature. In her first novel, The Joy Luck Club, she tells the stories of four mothers who came to the United States as the first generation Chinese immigrants, and those of their American-born daughters. The four mothers were all from mainland China and had a lot of miseries in old China. As a result of the restrictions and suppression of the feudal society and Confucianism, they fled to the United States in an attempt to find their happiness there. Nevertheless, the mothers lives in America are still bound to the traditional Chinese culture, which has been deeply rooted in their minds. They educate their daughters according to the Chinese customs and habits. But the daughters can not understand this, for they were born and brought up in America. They often disobey, and thus deeply hurt their mothers. When they grow up, and experience the tortures of life, they come to understand their mothers gradually. As an American-born Chinese, Amy Tan reveals some distinct features of the traditional Chinese culture in the novel.

Confucianism has been the core of the Chinese culture for two thousand years. It emphasizes the relationship between human beings. This thought, however, is in conflict with the mainstream of western ideology, which pays more attention to individualism. Besides, the mysterious beliefs of Taoism are strange to the westerners, most of whom believe in God and Christianity. Whats more, the Chinese have different ways of educating and nurturing their children, and different ways of cooking. They are thought by the Americans as having weird beliefs and a brutal way of eating. As a result, the traditional Chinese beliefs are treated as heathen ones, and the Chinese culture is viewed as the Other by the westerners. In the novel, the mothers are the representative of the Chinese culture, while the daughters, that of the American culture. The clash and mingling of the two cultures work together as a thread running through the entire novel. Amy Tan, as a member of the second generation Chinese-Americans, reconstructs and represents the traditional Chinese culture to the world, and has gained great fame in Chinese American literature.

This thesis attempts to analyze the Chinese cultural background in The Joy Luck Club from three aspects: Chinese family value, Chinese dietary culture and Chinese religious beliefs.

Key Words: Chinese Culture; Confucianism; Chinese Diet; Religious Beliefs


























Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………1

Part One Chinese Family Value...………………………3

1.1                      Confucianism: Doctrine of the Chinese………………………3

1.2                      Womens Status………………………………………………5

1.3                      Communication between Parents and Children………………6

Part Two Chinese Dietary Culture...…………………..………8

2.1                      Etiquette of Diet………………………..………………………8

2.2                      Ways of Cooking………………………………………......9

Part Three Chinese Beliefs………..…………..…………...11

3.1                      Wuxing and Fengshui……………………………………11

3.2                      Ancestor Worship …………………………………………13

Conclusion……………………………………………………...14

Notes………………………………………………………………17

Bibliography……………………………………………………....18

Acknowledgements…………………………….…………………20

Notes

 

(1)                      The three cardinal guides: ruler guides subject, father guides son and husband guides wife. The five constant virtues: benevolence, righteousness, propriety, knowledge and sincerity.

(2)                      Lao Tzu: The founder of Taoism. Born in the State of Zhou in the Spring and Autumn Period, he worked for some time in the Zhou government. He was searching for a way that would avoid the constant feudal warfare and other conflicts that disrupted society during his lifetime. The result was his book: Tao-te-Ching, which contains about 5,000 words on dao and de, or the way and its functions. Others believe that he was a mythical character. 

(3)                      John King Fairbank: A Francis Lee Higginson Professor of History at Harvard University and director of the East Asian Research Centre at Harvard.

(4)                      Wuxing and Fengshui: Wuxing or the Five Elements are: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water. They are the grounding theory for yin-yang balance. The Five Element theory views the Universe and its functioning as being cyclical and interactive. Accordingly, all of the ten thousand things within it are interdependent. Fengshui, or geomantic omen, is closely related to Wuxing. The Fengshui theory holds that the location of a house or tomb has an influence on the fortune of a family. Taoists believe good Fengshui could keep the yin-yang balance and could bring fortune.














Bibliography


Chang, K. C. Food in Chinese Culture: Anthropological and Historical Perspectives. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1977. 

Ebrey, Patricia B. Chinese Civilization A Sourcebook. New York: The Free Press, 1993.

­____ The Cambridge Illustrated History of China. London: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Eng, Kuan Khun. The Changing Moral Economy of Ancestor Worship in a Chinese Emigrant District. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 23(1999): 99-132.

Fairbank, John. K & Goldman, Merle. China: A New History. London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.

Niu, Weihua & Sternberg, Robert J. Societal and School Influences on Student Creativity: the Case of China. Psychology in the School 40(1) 2003: 103-114.

Tan, AmyThe Joy Luck ClubNew YorkBallantine Books1990.

Tuan, Nien-Tsu & Ryan, Tom. Is the Wind, or the Flag, Moving? An Oriental Perspective on the Complex Problem. System Research and Behavioral Science 19(2002): 271-279.

Wang, Huarong. The Bridge of Cultural Understanding in The Joy Luck Club. Journal of Honghe University 2(2004): 40-43.

Wang, Qi & Li, Jin. Chinese Childrens Self-concepts in the Domains of Learning and Social Relations. Psychology in the School 40(1) (2003): 85-101.

Zhu, Zhichang. Confucianism in Action: Recent Developments in Oriental Systems Methodology. System Research and Behavioral Science 15 (1998): 111-130.


陈爱敏. 当代美国华裔文学的文化关. 文史, 2003 (4): 116-120.

何立, 吴金平. 风水对小说《喜福会》创作的影响.八桂侨, 2002 (4): 50-52.

何立群. 五行理论与《喜福会》的成. 暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)2005 (3): 74-77.

. 文化的乡愁——美国华裔文学的文化认同.北京:中国戏剧出版社2003.

胡勇. 论美国华裔文学中国神话与民间传说的利. 外国文学研, 2003 (6): 87-92.

令狐萍.金山谣——美国华裔妇女史.北京中国社会科学出版社1999

潘军. 不可思议的中国人:《喜福会》中的异国情调与东方主. 武汉大: 2002.

彭逢, . 从《喜福会》探析谭恩美的文化身. 邵阳学院学报(社会科学版)2004-04 (2): 74-76.

张瑞. 解读谭恩美《喜福会》中的中国麻. 外国文学评, 2001 (1): 95-100.

赵文书.Positioning Contemporary Chinese American Literature in Contested Terrains南京:南京大学出版社2004.


Net. 1: 陈启. 儒家思想与家庭伦. 2006-01-20,

http://www.ruxue.net/qizhiwenlun/rjssjtll.htm

Net. 2: 鲁鸣.阴柔文化和阳刚文化:在美国看缺少拥抱的中国人.2005/08/16,

http://cul.sina.com.cn/r/2005-08-16/1128138951.html

Net. 3: Tan, Amy. An Interview. 2006-01-20,

http://www.bookreporter.com/authors/au-tan-amy.asp












外语系英语专业本科毕业注释及参考文献

格式要求



.注释格式


为统一格式起见,本系英语专业学生毕业论文的注释采用尾注和夹注,不采用脚注。凡是对论文中某一单词、词组、引文、或某一说法进行补充性说明的,采用尾注即下文1条所说的End-notes的方式,但在论文里英文统一采用Notes一词(见附1);凡是在论文中使用直接引语或间接引语的,一律采用文中夹注的方式(见下文2条)。


1.尾注End-notes

   在正文需注释处的右上方按顺序加注数①②③……,在论文的正文之后写注文,每条注文加对应数码,回行时与上一行注文对齐。加注数码与数码对齐。


2.夹注In-text Citations

某些引文和/或所依据的文献无需详细注释者,以夹注的形式随文在括弧内注明。

1)       来自专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中已经出现

格式:        出版年份:页码

例如:

Rees saidAs key aspects of learning are not stablebut changeablethis opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process1986241).

2来自专著的直接引语,作者姓名在文中没有出现

格式:      作者姓名 出版年份:页码。

例如:

  我们所懂得的只是实体存在的片段,可以肯定地说,一切具有重大意义的理论至多只能是部分地真实,但这不应作为放弃理论研究的借(Chomsky 1979:48) 

  One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive  to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese cultureFung 199571).

3)       如果引述的内容为大段原文(超过四行),所引原文左边双倍缩进(10个字符),右边与上下文对齐 引文一般用冒号引出,引文不加引号(注意例句末句号与括号的位置)。

例如:

     He is aware of the politics of his choice and that English is not the natural medium for his social novel. He describes his process of creation thus:


          I found, while writing spontaneously, that I was always translating dialogue from the original Punjabi into English. The way in which my mother said something in the dialect of central Punjabi could not have been expressed in any other way except in an almost literal translation, which might carry over the sound and the sense of the original speech. I also found, that I was dreaming or thinking or brooding over two-thirds of the prose narrative in Punjabi, or n Hindustani and only one-third in the English language. This happened usually while I was writing stories and novels. (Anand 1979:36)


4)来自某篇文章的直接引语,作者姓名在文中没有出现

格式     作者姓名(英文只注姓)、出版年月

例如:

Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing asjustwordsbut there isnt. Baston 1972

5)来自专著的间接引语,作者的名在文中已经提

格式    出版年份:引文页码

例如:

According to Alun Rees1986:234the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.

6)来自专著的间接引语,作者的姓名在文中没有提到

格式    作者姓名、出版年份;引文页码

例如:

It may be true that in the appreciation of medieval art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance.see Robertson 1987:136

注:如所述观点可直接从原文找到,用c.f.: Robertson 1987:136)

7)提到某人的观点(没有提到姓名 

格式:作者姓名,发表年份

例如:

This point has been argued before. (Frye 1998)

A number of studies do not find texts with long series of Terms which derive from a single semantic field. (Thompson 1985; Francis 1989/1990)

8)互联网资 

格式       编号(自设)

例如:

 A deconstructive reading is a reading which analyses the specificity of a texts critical difference from itself. (Net.2)

Net.2.征引文中的编号,是为了便于注明文内引语的出处。参考第二部分《参考文献》中的4互联网资


二.参考文献格式Bibliography


外语专业学生毕业论文中的外文参考文献和中文参考文献分别归类排列,外文的排在前,中文的排在后。英文的参考文献按作者姓名的英文字母顺序排列,无明显作者的英文参考文献(如某些词典、辞书、百科全书)则按书名的英文字母顺序排列。中文的参考文献按作者姓名的拼音字母顺序排列,无明显作者的中文参考文献按书名拼音字母顺序排列。参考文献在第一行写不完的,第二行缩5个字符。注意标点与空格。


1.著作类Books

格式   作者的姓名,书名,出版地,出版单位和出版年份。

Format: Authors last name, given name, Title. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.

1)       独立作者

Fairbanks, Carol. Prairie Women: Images in American and Canadian Fiction. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.

2)  同一作者两本以上的参考书

Fairbank, John K. China Perceived: Images and Policies in Chinese-American Relations. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1974.

______China Watch. Cambridge & London: Harvard University Press, 1987.

3)       同一作者两本以上同年出版的参考书

Newmark, Peter A. Approaches to Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1998a.

­­______ Textbook of Translation. London: Prentice Hall International Ltd., 1998b.

4) 同一本书有两作者

Grayling, A.C. & Whitfield, Susan. China: A Literary Companion. London: John Murray, 1994.

5)同一本书有三位作者以上者

Edens, Walter. et al. Teaching Shakespeare. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

6) 书的主编

Hall, David. ed. The Oxford Book of American Literary Anecdotes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.

7) 机构作A Book by a Corporate Author

American Library Association. Intellectual Freedom Manual (2nd ed). Chicago: ALA, 1983.

高等学校外语学刊研究. 外国语言研究论文索 1990-1994. 上海:上海外语教育出版社1996.

8) 无作者署名的书

Encyclopedia of Photography. New York: Crown, 1984.

现代汉语词. 北京:商务印书馆1992.

9) 一书多册

Blotner, Johnson. Faulkner: A Biography (2 vols.). New York: Random, 1974.

张道. 现代英语用法词典5. 上海:上海译文出版社1993.

10) 翻译著作

Arkush, R. David & Lee, Leo O. trans. & eds. Land without Ghost: Chinese impressions of America from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. 

赵元. 中国话的文. 丁邦新. 香港:香港中文大学出版社1968.

11) 政府文件

National Institute of Mental Health. Television and Behavior: Ten Years of Scientific Progress and Implications for the Eighties. (DHHS Publication No. ADM 82-1995). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1982.

《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》。香港:三联书店有限公司1991.

12) 学位论文

Conceison, Claire A. Significant Other: Representations of the American in Contemporary Chinese Spoken Drama. Cornell University, May 2000.


2.文章类

格式:作者姓名,篇名,刊名,刊物的卷号和期号,年份,文章的起止页码。

Format: Authors last name, given name. Article title. Journal title, Volume number (Issre/Issue number), year: page number.

1) 期刊文Periodical Articles

Bolinger, D. The Atomization of Meaning, Language 41 (1965): 555-573.

Fulwiler, T. How Well Does Writing across Teaching Work? College English 46 (1984): 13-25.

Prakash, Gyan. Orientalism Now, History and Theory 34 (3) (1995): 199-212.

. 国外英语教材初.《外国语》1197966-68.

吕叔湘,饶长. 试论非谓形容词,《中国语文》21981:81-85.

2)论文集的文An Article in an Anthology or the Published Proceedings of a Conference

Peters, M. & Stephen, T. B. Interaction Routines as Cultural Influences upon Language Acquisition In Schieffelin, B.B. & Ochs, E. eds. Language Socialization Across Cultures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986: 80-96.

3) 报纸署名文A Signed Article in a Daily Newspaper

Darst, James. Environmentalists Want Hotels, Concessions Removed from US Parks, Boston Globe, May 25, 1988:17.

. 外来语与我国文化的冲.《牛城日报》10232000B5.

4) 工具书署名文A Signed Article in a Reference Book

Tobias, R. & Thurber, J. Encyclopedia Americana. 1987 ed.

. 联合国的口述录音翻.《中国翻译词典1997.

5) 工具书非署名文An Unsigned Article in a Reference Book

Tharp, Twyla. Whos Who of American Women. 15th ed. 1987-88.

6)社An Editorial

Young, Gifted, Black----and Inspired. Editorial. Washington Post, May 18, 1988:20.

大力加强金融系统思想政治工纪念中国共产党诞79.《金融时报》71社论20001.


3.非文字材Non-print

1) 电脑软Computer Software

格式:制作人姓名、软件名称(说明是电脑软件)、版本,年份。

Format:  Computer programmers last name, given name. Title (Computer software). Model number, year.

Rosenberg, Victor, et al. Pro-Cite. Vers.1.3. (Computer software). IBM PCDOC 2.0, 256KB, disk, 1987.

2) 电影、电视、广播、幻灯、录像、录音、艺术Films, TV and Radio Programs, Slides, Videotapes, Audiotapes and Art Works

格式:片名(或节目名),导演姓名,出品地(或播出台和播出地),年份(或播出日期)。

Format:  Name of film. Directors last name, given name. Place of production, year (or date of showing).

The Last Emperor (Film). Bertolucci, Bernardo (Director). With J. Lone & P. OToole. Columbia, 1987.

If God Ever Listened: A Portrait of Alice Walker. Horizons (Radio program). Rosenthal, Jane (Producer). NPR. WBST, Muncie. 3 Mar. 1984.

Too Smart for Strangers (Videotapes). Brandt, F. (Producer) & Messina, P.E. (Director). Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Home Video, 1985.

《我的父亲母亲》(电影),张艺谋(导演)。北京1998.

3) CD-ROM或磁碟

Yokel. Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. CD-ROM. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1992.


4.互联网资Internet information

格式:编号,篇名,引用日期,网址,

Net.1: Deconstruction, July 30, 2000

http://www.brocku. Ca/english/courses/4F70/deconstruction.html

Net.2: Jacques Derrida, August 1, 2000

http://www. Brocku. Ca/english/courses/fF70/deconstruction.html

Net.3: Feminism, Ideology. And Deconstruction: a Pragmatist View. August 1, 2000

http://www. Brocku.ca/english/courses/4F70/decostruction.html


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