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双宾语构式的认知阐释

一、综述国内外对本课题的研究动态,说明选题的依据和意义:
近年来,双宾语句式一直是当前国内外语言学界在讨论并有争议的一个话题。语言学界主要从结构主义、生成语法和认知等三个视角对双及物结构进行研究,但均有缺点与不足。国内外的语言学家们Chomsky、Kayne、Bass&Lasnik、Larson、马庆株、张伯江等对DOC的进行了深入的研究,并阐述了其相关的理论,包括X-bar理论、移动、VP壳、成分统领、论元结构;目前有许多学者在这些理论的框架下,对双宾动词、双宾句型及其转换句型、双宾语、被动结构等方面进行对比,作了大量的分析和研究。依托构式语法已有的研究结果表明,双及物结构的典型意义为“有意的给予或转移”,隐喻和转喻是双及物构式得以扩展与引申的两种机制。为此,本文依靠前人的研究方法和研究成果,试图在这方面 做一些尝试性研究,即以认知 -功能语言学理论为出发点讨论了英语双宾及物结构的句法和语义分析问题,对目前系统功能语言学文献中有关的研究提出了进一步改善的意见。并试图对英汉双宾语结构的类型作出分析和比较,从而掌握英汉双宾语结构的异同,提高翻译水平.


二、研究的基本内容,拟解决的主要问题:
本文以前人提出论元结构,认知等理论为基础,结合相关学者在研究双宾语构式的理论依据、研究步骤以及研究方法,分析了现有双宾语结构分析模型所存在的问题。概述了Goldberg, Larson, Zhao Bojiang等人的相关观点,在此基础上对双宾语的构式进行了分析。进一步以认知 -功能句法为理论出发点对英汉两种语言的双宾语结构作了对比,英语双宾语结构中的第一宾语总是受事的移动终点 ,而不论动词的语义类型 ,在汉语的双宾语结构中 ,动词的语义类型左右第一宾语的语法意义。这反映了语法结构意义的形成与词语的概念化之间的密切联系 ,揭示了不同民族对动作和事件的认知方式的系统差别。

三、研究的步骤、方法、措施及进度安排:
1. 研究步骤:
(1)在指导老师的帮助下,通过网络资源以及图书馆的资料,收集所写论题的相关文献,了解国内外对双宾语构式分析中的具体应用的研究状态和研究成果,确定论文题目;
(2)整理、总结和综合已有资料,据指导老师下达的任务书写出论文提纲;
(3)就语言学家们Chomsky、Kayne、Goldberg、Larson、马庆株、张伯江等对DOC的理论作为研究基础,具体详细阐述构式的携带意义;并对英汉语言的典型性双宾构式及其区别作对比分析; 
(4)综合已有的资料分析结果,完成了开题报告;在指导老师的指导下,完善论文提纲,从理论知识回顾、对比分析传统语法,论元结构中双宾语句式的实例、以及英汉双宾语构式的异同。完成初稿,并交由指导老师审阅; 
(5)根据指导老师的修改意见,进一步完善论文的结构与内容;
(6)交第二稿、审稿、最后定稿答辩。
2. 方法及措施:
通过图书馆、因特网以及指导老师所提供的资料,查找相关领域的最新理论;收集一定量的英汉双宾构式的材料作对比分析;收集二次文献;指导老师的帮助和指导;同学之间的交流与沟通。

3. 进度安排:
 
四、主要参考文献:
[1] Biber, D., S. Johansson, G Leech, S. Conrad&E. Finegan. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2010.
[2] Chomsky, N.  Reflections on Language. New York: Pantheon, 1975. 
[3] Goldberg, A. E. Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument
   Structure. The University of Chicago Press, 1995.
[4] Jackendoff, R. “On Larson's treatment of the doubled object construction”, Linguistic Inquiry, 21(1990): 427—456.
[5] Larson, R. “On the double object construction”, Linguistic Inquiry, 19(1998):335—391. 
[6] Quirk, R., S. Green Baum, G Leech&J. Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of  the English Language. London: Longman Group Ltd., 1985. 
[7] 陈定安: 《英汉比较与翻译》。 中国对外翻译出版社, 1998年。
[8] 何晓炜: “双宾语结构的句法研究”, 《现代外语》, 4(1999):331—345。
[9] 马庆株:“现代汉语的双宾构造”, 《语言学论从》第十缉, 1983年。
[10] 沈家煊:“句式和配价”, 《中国语文》,4(2010)291—279。
[11] 石毓智:“汉英双宾结构差别的概念化原因”, 《外语教学与研究》,
     2(2014):83—89。
[12] 徐盛桓:“试论英语双及物构式”, 《外语教学与研究》, 2(2011):81—87。
[13] 张伯江:“现代汉语的双及物构式”, 《中国语文》, 3(1999):175—184。 
[14] 张建理:“英汉双宾句认知对比研究”, 《外国语》, 6(2016):28—33。
[15] 赵元任:《汉语口语语法》 (吕叔湘译)。 北京:商务印书馆,1979。
[16] 朱德熙:“与动词“给”相关的句法同题”, 《方言》,2(1979):117—121。


Contents

Introduction……………………………….……………………………………1
1 Di-transitive Construction..……………....………………………………2
  1.1 Definition and Exemplification..…………..…………………………… 2
  1.2 Previous Researches on Di-transitive Construction..…………………3
2 Meanings of Di-transitive Construction..…………………..……………5
 2.1 Meaning Emptification of Construction in Traditional Grammar……6
 2.2 Constructional Meanings with Examples..……….…….………………..8
3 Contrastive Interpretation of Di-transitive Construction across
  Languages..…………………………………..………………………...…11
 3.1 Pair Examination in English-Chinese Construction..……….…….….11
 3.2 Basic Reason of English-Chinese Difference.…………………………16
Conclusion.……………………………………………………..…………...20
Works Cited.……………….……………………………………….…………22
Acknowledgments.………..………………………………….……………….23


Introduction
My choice of the study of DOC was inspired by the fact that DOC, an essential syntactic device, reflects the cognitive generality of human's brains toward the world, and thus plays an important role in the way that language is used in communication. Another inspiration came from the fact that DOC, a frequently encountered phenomenon of language, has intrigued both Chinese learners of English and foreign learners of Chinese, whose various have been made to characterize this subject matter in one particular respect or another.
    The di-transitive construction has aroused the interests of many linguists. But there are some weakness and inadequacy of the previous researches. The transformational approach that cares too much about the base-generation of the di-transitive construction and the dative one, virtually, does not explicate their correlations; and the cognitive approach, which is more powerful in interpreting the relations between language, human beings and the world, has not offered us a satisfactory account. 
According to the perspective of Construction Grammar (CG), the prototypical sense of the di-transitive construction is volitional giving or transfer. Findings from a contrastive study on English and Chinese double-object sentences show that the construction and its verbs are involved in different ways of interaction. Specially, there is one construction is English, meaning ‘giving’, whereas the Chinese construction motivates two sub-constructions, meaning ‘giving’ and ‘taking’ respectively.
The thesis mainly contains the three parts. Part 1 introduced the definition and precious research about di-transitive construction. Part 2 analyzes the di-transitive constructions in traditional grammar from the scope of lexical, then introduces the construction meaning from CG. At last, constructions across languages are compared, and the basic reasons of English-Chinese difference from conceptualization are revealed.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
1 Di-transitive Construction
 This part will introduce the definition and the previous researches about di-transitive construction. The transformational approach that cares too much about the base-generation of the di-transitive construction and the dative one, virtually, does not explicate their correlations; and the cognitive approach, which is more powerful in interpreting the relations between language, human beings and the world, has not offered us a satisfactory account. 
1.1 Definition and Exemplification
In this thesis, the syntactic configuration NP+V+NP1+NP2 (VN1N2) can been considered as the di-transitive construction. However, VNl includes two kinds of constructions-----double object construction whose sentence pattern is SVOO,in traditional grammar and object-complement construction whose sentence pattern is SVOC in 

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