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重点论文网    文科论文    英语论文    中英礼貌用语的语用学研究
创建时间:10-28

中英礼貌用语的语用学研究

A STUDY ON POLITENESS IN ENGLISH AND CHINESE FROM  A  PRAGMATIC  PERSPECTIVE

摘    要
“面子”理论和礼貌原则是语用学用于解释话语含义的两条重要原则。由于中西方文化价值取向不同,交际中对礼貌语言的语用原则的取舍也存在很大差异,因此有必要对中西方文化下的礼貌语用现象进行对比研究,这不仅能扩大比较研究的领域,也能有助于得体的运用礼貌语言,提高跨文化交际能力。
本文共分六章。
第一章,第二章,对礼貌用语的定义作了介绍及礼貌用语的分类。
      第三章,介绍了本文的研究理论基础即Brown 和Levinson的“面子”理论,以及Leech的礼貌原则。
      第四章,回顾了中西方学者对礼貌用语及礼貌原则做出的研究,并揭示了礼貌用语与语用学研究的关系。
第五章,说明了本文作者对语用原则的理论的取舍的原因,并对招呼及对称赞的回答两类礼貌用语做出分析。
第六章,总结本文研究的结果及启示。
关键词:“面子”理论;礼貌原则;礼貌用语;
 
ABSTRACT
The “face” theory and politeness principle are widely known pragmatic principle used to interpret the literal sense. English –speaking and Chinese culture are different in the choice of pragmatic principles as the different sense of value. Therefore, this thesis aims to compare the pragmatic phenomena in English-speaking and Chinese culture in the hope of broadening the field of comparative study and helping people to communicate appropriately in cross-culture communication.
   This paper falls into five chapters. The Chapter One and Chapter Two introduce the definition and categories of politeness.
   Chapter Three specifies Brown and Levinson’s “face” theory and Leech’s politeness principle, all together forming the theoretical foundations of the present thesis.
   Chapter Four reviews the major researches on politeness and politeness principle done by scholars in West and in Domestic. And point out the relation between politeness language and pragmatic research..
   Chapter Five reads the reason why the author choose this theory, and do a analysis of greeting and response to compliment which stand for two categories of politeness language use.
    The last chapter draws a conclusion of the thesis and point out its meaning.
Keywords:”Face” theory; politeness principal; politeness language

Contents
1.Introduction    1
2. Definition and categories of politeness    3
2.1 Definition of politeness    3
2.2Categories of politeness language    3
3.Theoretical framework on politeness    5
3.1Brown and Levinson's "Face" theory    5
3.2 Leech’s politeness principle    5
4.Research on politeness on broad and at home    8
4.1Research on politeness in west    8
4.2 Domestic reasch on politeness    8
4.3Relation between pragmatics and politeness    9
5.Analysis for politeness    10
5.1 Analysis for politeness in greeting    11
5.2 Analysis for politeness in response to compliment    15
6.Conlusion    18
Acknowledgements    19
References    20

 
1.Introduction
As a social phenomenon, politeness can be observed in all languages and cultures, and it has long been an important object of study in linguistics. It can be expressed verbally and non-verbally, but in this study, only linguistic politeness is discussed; that is, the ways people express politeness verbally through their use of language. As a common social phenomenon, politeness is not only a universally highly valued virtue, but also a widely employed strategy to realize tactful and effective communication.
We view politeness as one of the major social constraints on human interaction and it regulates participants’ communicative behavior by constantly reminding them to take into consideration the feelings of the others. It is necessary to consider their feelings so as to establish levels of mutual comfort and promote rapport, which in turn accelerate and facilitate human communication. We maintain that politeness is a linguistic universal by which we mean: 1) Linguistic politeness exists in all languages. 2) Politeness considerations regulate every human speaker’s verbal behavior in social interaction.
On the one hand, politeness pervades human interactions and plays an important role in the face-to-face communication. It is not simply a means of conveying information, but a more important means of establishing, maintaining and enhancing social relationships, and hence it facilitates social interactions. On the other hand, with the rapid development of modern economy, science and technology, the globe seems to become smaller and smaller, and it is getting more and more frequent that people from different countries get in touch with each other. People, who meet together for the various purposes such as business, cultural exchanges, traveling, may come from different countries, for example, from China and from English-speaking countries. Then their knowledge of cultures, social norms, values, customs and habits and so on are certainly different, and hence their realizations of politeness strategies may be different. All these may bring them some misunderstandings in the process of communication, especially in application of politeness strategies. 
Therefore, a pragmatic perspective study of politeness language in English and Chinese becomes rather more imperative. It is important that we should notice the universal politeness awareness between English and Chinese. Based on the universal significance of Brown and Levinson 's "Face" Theory and the Leech’s Politeness Principle, the author in this paper want to make people strengthen the awareness of the politeness use in our daily communication. Although a lot of contrastive research of politeness language in English and Chinese, the author believe that this simple pragmatic perspective study on politeness language also play a important role.  
 

2. Definition and categories of politeness
2.1 Definition of politeness 
What is politeness? This sounds like a simple and naive question. It seems that we have well understood this concept and that it is all too easy for us to give piles of examples of polite behavior in our daily life. However, it is not easy to give a satisfactory definition for politeness. Skimming through the literature on the studies of politeness, we can find a lack of unanimous agreement as to what is understood as linguistic politeness. Different linguists and scholars give their different interpretations of politeness. 
 

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